The African Challenge, published in 1971, is a memoir written by Hanan Aynor, which served as the head of the "Africa department" at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and as the Israeli ambassador and legate in a variety of African countries (Senegal, Gambia, Ethiopia and Zaire) between the 1960s and the 1980s. In his memoir Aynor strives to delineate the challenges of African development projects and international relationships, based on his experience in the continent.