Between 1969 and late 1971 Israel provided comprehensive support to the Anya-Nya, a South Sudanese rebel group that has been fighting the Sudanese government since 1963. The operation was led by the Mossad. Arms, military equipment and medicine were airdropped at the Anya-Nya headquarters in Owiny Ki-Bul, not far from the Sudanese-Ugandan border. Anya-Nya troops from different parts of the country attended trainings at the headquarters, were armed, and then sent back to operate in their home areas. Israeli military advisors and medics provided trainings on the ground and supported the organization of the rebel army and the establishment of a field hospital, while some Anya-Nya officers came to Israel for military trainings. The Mossad was also involved in producing propaganda materials for the Anya-Nya. These were edited and printed in Israel and then disseminated across the world as authentic South Sudanese publications. 

Contributed by Yotam Gidron